The recent conflict between the United States and Iran-backed Yemeni Houthi rebels has escalated significantly. Since November, the Houthis have been attacking ships in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, demanding an end to Israel's offensive in Gaza. These attacks primarily target vessels unrelated to Israel or other nations involved in the conflict.
In response, the U.S. has initiated Operation Prosperity Guardian, a multinational mission aimed at ensuring freedom and safety of navigation in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. This operation involves several warships, including the aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower. Over the past few months, these forces have conducted numerous strikes against Houthi drones and missile launchers.
While Houthi attacks have decreased recently, likely due to the U.S.-led airstrikes and naval blockades reducing their weapon supplies, the rebels have stated they will continue their attacks until the conflict with Israel is resolved.
This conflict has significantly impacted maritime trade through the Red Sea, affecting global trade. The U.S. is urging Iran to stop supplying arms to the Houthis and continues to target Houthi armories with multinational coalition support.
The background of this conflict is rooted in complex historical, political, and religious factors:
- Yemeni Civil War: The Yemeni Civil War escalated in 2014 when the Houthis seized the capital, Sana'a. The Houthis, who belong to the Shiite Zaydi sect, have been fighting against the Saudi Arabia-backed government forces, resulting in thousands of casualties and a severe humanitarian crisis.
- Proxy War: The conflict is also seen as a proxy war between Iran and Saudi Arabia, with Iran supporting the Houthis and Saudi Arabia supporting the Yemeni government. This is part of a larger struggle for regional dominance in the Middle East.
- International Tensions: The Houthis claim their attacks are in retaliation for Israel's actions in Gaza, leading to broader international involvement and concerns over maritime safety in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
- Strategic Importance: The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden are critical for global maritime trade, with a significant amount of oil and goods passing through these waters. Instability in this region can have substantial economic impacts globally.
- International Response: The U.S. and its allies have conducted airstrikes and imposed naval blockades to cut off Houthi weapon supplies and ensure maritime safety.
Given this context, the conflict with the Houthi rebels represents not just a regional dispute but a complex issue involving international interests and geopolitical dynamics.
